WHAT IS TMJ?
The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) connect the lower jaw to the temporal bone. These joints, along with muscles, ligaments, and tendons, collaborate to facilitate crucial oral functions like chewing, speaking, and yawning. Within the TMJ, a soft disc acts as a cushion, enabling smooth movements in various directions between the lower jaw and the temporal bone. Because of its intricate nature, the TMJ is often regarded as one of the most complex joints to address when issues arise.
Different Types and Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
TMJ disorders can be categorized into three groups:
- Myofascial pain, which is characterized by discomfort in the jaw joint area due to increased muscle tension and spasms caused by various factors.
- Internal derangement, which refers to the displacement of the disc, dislocation of the jaw, or trauma to the jaw condyles.
- Arthritis, a degenerative joint disease.
Individuals who habitually grind their teeth (bruxism) over extended periods, those who have experienced jaw injuries, or individuals with certain forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, face an elevated risk of developing TMJ issues. Symptoms of TMJ disorders can vary widely among individuals and may include earaches, tinnitus, headaches, neck and back pain, dizziness, muscle spasms, tenderness in the jaw joint, jaw pain, clicking or grinding sounds while moving the jaw, jaw locking, and restricted jaw movement. While some may find relief from TMJ disorders relatively quickly, others may continue to experience symptoms despite extensive therapy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The dentist will conduct a thorough assessment of joint symptoms and function to identify any potential TMJ disorder. If necessary, additional diagnostic tests, such as specialized radiographic imaging, may be requested. Treatment options can involve using oral appliances like night guards or stabilization splints to alleviate stress on the joints. Other therapeutic approaches may include steroid injections, occlusal adjustments, and orthodontic or prosthodontic interventions to enhance teeth alignment. In severe instances, surgery might be advised.
For easing TMJ disorder symptoms, self-care practices can be beneficial. Patients are encouraged to consume soft foods, minimize excessive jaw movements, practice stress-relieving techniques, and apply ice packs or moist heat as directed. If recommended, patients should also adhere to gentle stretching exercises provided by the dentist or therapist. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medications might offer temporary relief. If these prove ineffective, the dentist or physician might prescribe stronger pain or anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, or antidepressants.