WHAT IS TMJ?
The temporomandibular joints link the lower jaw to the temporal bone. These joints, along with their associated muscles, ligaments, and tendons, work together to enable oral functions such as chewing, speaking, and yawning. The TMJ includes a soft disc that functions as a shock absorber, ensuring seamless movements in all directions between the lower jaw and the temporal bone. Due to its intricacy, the TMJ is frequently considered one of the most challenging joints to manage when issues arise.
Different Types and Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
TMJ disorders can be classified into three groups:
- Myofascial pain, characterized by discomfort in the jaw joint area due to increased muscle tension and spasms caused by various factors.
- Internal derangement, referring to the displacement of the disc, dislocation of the jaw, or trauma to the jaw condyles.
- Arthritis, a degenerative joint disease.
The likelihood of developing a TMJ problem is higher for individuals who grind their teeth or have bruxism for an extended period, have experienced a jaw injury, or have certain types of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Symptoms of TMJ disorders can vary significantly from person to person and may include earaches, tinnitus, headaches, back and neck pain, dizziness, muscle spasms, joint tenderness, jaw pain, popping or grating sounds when moving the jaw, jaw locking, and limited jaw movement. While some individuals may find relief from a TMJ disorder within a short time, others may continue to experience symptoms despite extensive therapy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The dentist will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of joint symptoms and function to ascertain the presence of a TMJ disorder. If necessary, additional diagnostic tests, such as specialized radiographic imaging, will be requested. Treatment options may involve the use of oral appliances, such as night guards or stabilization splints, to alleviate strain on the joints. Other therapeutic approaches may include steroid injections, occlusal adjustments, and orthodontic or prosthodontic interventions to enhance teeth alignment. In severe cases, surgery may be suggested.
To alleviate symptoms of TMJ disorder, self-care methods can be beneficial. Patients are advised to consume soft foods, minimize excessive jaw movements, practice stress reduction and relaxation techniques, and apply ice packs or moist heat as instructed. If recommended, patients should also follow gentle stretching exercises provided by the dentist or therapist. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medications may offer temporary relief. If these prove ineffective, the dentist or physician may prescribe stronger pain or anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, or anti-depressants.