Periodontal disease is a progressive infection of the gums and supporting bone.
It typically begins as gingivitis, which is mild inflammation caused by plaque buildup. If untreated, it can progress into periodontitis, where the infection spreads deeper and begins damaging the bone around the teeth.
Common signs include:
Early detection is critical because periodontal disease can silently progress without pain.
Gum pocket depths measure the space between your tooth and your gum tissue. Healthy gums fit snugly around each tooth.
During your exam, your dentist or hygienist uses a small measuring tool called a periodontal probe to check this space in millimeters (mm).
The deeper the pocket, the more likely it is that gum disease is present.
A normal gum pocket depth is 1–3 millimeters (mm).
At this level:
This is what we want to see at every checkup.
A pocket depth of 4–5 mm may indicate early gum disease.
At this stage:
The good news: early gum disease is often reversible with professional cleanings and improved home care.
A pocket depth of 6 mm or more usually indicates periodontitis (advanced gum disease).
At this stage:
Treatment is necessary to prevent further damage and possible tooth loss.
Gum pocket measurements help your dental team:
These numbers give us a measurable way to track the health of your gums.
Yes. Treatment depends on severity.
Options may include:
The earlier gum disease is caught, the simpler and more predictable treatment tends to be.
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