WHAT IS TMJ?
The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) connect the lower jaw to the temporal bone. These joints, supported by muscles, ligaments, and tendons, collaborate to facilitate crucial oral functions like chewing, speaking, and yawning. Enclosed within the TMJ is a soft disc, serving as a cushion that enables smooth movements in different directions between the lower jaw and the temporal bone. Because of its complexity, the TMJ is frequently regarded as one of the most intricate joints to address when problems occur.
Different Types and Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
TMJ disorders can be categorized into three groups:
- Myofascial pain, which is characterized by discomfort in the jaw joint area due to increased muscle tension and spasms caused by various factors.
- Internal derangement, which refers to the displacement of the disc, dislocation of the jaw, or trauma to the jaw condyles.
- Arthritis, a degenerative joint disease.
People who habitually grind their teeth (bruxism) for prolonged periods, have experienced jaw injuries, or possess specific forms of arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis are at a heightened risk of developing TMJ issues. Symptoms of TMJ disorders can vary significantly among individuals, including earaches, tinnitus, headaches, neck and back pain, dizziness, muscle spasms, tenderness in the jaw joint, jaw pain, clicking or grinding sounds while moving the jaw, jaw locking, and limited jaw movement. While some individuals might find relief from TMJ disorders relatively quickly, others may continue experiencing symptoms despite undergoing extensive therapy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The dentist will conduct a thorough evaluation of joint symptoms and function to identify potential TMJ disorders. If necessary, additional diagnostic tests, such as specialized radiographic imaging, may be recommended. Treatment options may include the use of oral appliances like night guards or stabilization splints to reduce stress on the joints. Other therapeutic approaches could involve steroid injections, occlusal adjustments, and orthodontic or prosthodontic interventions aimed at improving teeth alignment. In severe cases, surgery might be considered.
Self-care practices can aid in alleviating TMJ disorder symptoms. Patients are encouraged to consume soft foods, minimize excessive jaw movements, practice stress-relieving techniques, and apply ice packs or moist heat as advised. Additionally, following gentle stretching exercises provided by the dentist or therapist, if recommended, can be beneficial. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medications may provide temporary relief. If these are ineffective, the dentist or physician may prescribe stronger pain or anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, or antidepressants.